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Conservative or right-wing socialism〔Huerta de Soto (2010), p. 80.〕〔Rothbard, Murray N. ''Left, Right, and the Prospects for Liberty''. Auburn, Alabama, US: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2010, p. 19.〕 is a term used by some right-wing movements and politicians to describe support for social solidarity and paternalism as opposed to individualism, commercialism, and ''laissez-faire'' economics.〔Huerta de Soto (2010), pp. 79-80.〕〔 According to the Austrian School economist Jesús Huerta de Soto, the fundamental objective of “right-wing socialism" is to maintain the status quo by preventing the free exercise of entrepreneurship and creative human action from disrupting the pre-established framework of social organization.〔Huerta de Soto (2010), p. 98.〕 It supports social hierarchy and certain people and groups to hold higher status in such a hierarchy.〔Huerta de Soto (2010), p. 79.〕 The term is also used, more commonly but distinctly, to refer to moderate, social democratic forms of socialism when contrasted with Marxism–Leninism and other more radical left-wing alternatives. In the ''Communist Manifesto'', Marx and Engels criticised the ''Philosophy of Poverty'' by the anarchist writer and theorist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon as representing "Conservative or Bourgeois Socialism". Military socialism, guild socialism, agrarian socialism, and some forms of Christian socialism are also termed "right-wing socialism" by various authors.〔 ==Usage of "Conservative socialism" by various authors== The term "conservative socialism" was used as a rebuke by Karl Marx for certain strains of socialism, but it has also been used by proponents of such a system.〔Viereck (2006), p. 74.〕 An early proponent of self-described "conservative socialism" was 19th century Austrian politician Klemens von Metternich as early as 1847.〔 Monarchists had begun to use "socialist" as an antithesis of "bourgeois ''laissez-faire''" indicating reliance on a "social conscience" as opposed to pure individualism.〔 Metternich said the aims of such a conservative socialism were "peaceful, class-harmonizing, cosmopolitan, traditional".〔Viereck (2006), pp. 74-75.〕 "Monarchic socialism" promoted social paternalism portraying the monarch as having a "fatherly" duty to protect his people from the effects of free economic forces.〔Viereck (2006), p. 75.〕 Metternich's "conservative socialism" saw liberalism and nationalism as forms of middle-class dictatorship over the masses.〔 Johann Karl Rodbertus, a monarchist conservative landowner and lawyer who briefly served as minister of education in Prussia in 1848, promoted a form of state socialism led by an enlightened monarchy supporting state regulation of the economy.〔Marshall S. Shatz. ''Jan Waclaw Machajski: A Radical Critic of the Russian Intelligentsia and Socialism''. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989, p. 86.〕 Rodbertus supported the elimination of private ownership of land, with the state in control of "national capital" rather than redistribution of private capital.〔 In the 1880s, Rodbertus' conservative socialism was promoted as a nonrevolutionary alternative to social democracy and a means to justify the acceptance of Bismarck's social policies.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Right-wing socialism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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